Tensions between China and Taiwan are creating a challenging backdrop for the Pacific Islands Forum in Palau, with concerns that geopolitical disputes could distract leaders from urgent regional priorities, particularly climate change.

Taiwan, which attends the forum as a development partner, has increased its presence at this year’s meeting. The move has angered Beijing, whose special envoy for Pacific Island Countries Affairs, Qian Bo, warned that there would be “consequences” over Taiwan’s participation. China has since denied that the comments were intended as a threat.

The diplomatic tensions have also been accompanied by allegations of foreign interference. Five Pacific leaders have failed to attend the forum, including Solomon Islands Prime Minister Matthew Wale, who is facing a no-confidence motion at home. New Zealand Foreign Minister Winston Peters has referred to suspicions surrounding the absences, while China’s ambassador to New Zealand responded critically on social media.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese rejected suggestions that the forum has been compromised. He said Pacific nations should remain focused on important regional issues, while reiterating Australia’s concerns over China’s ballistic missile test in Pacific waters earlier this year.

Australia continues to maintain its One China policy while recognising that Pacific Island nations have the right to determine their own diplomatic relationships. Foreign Minister Penny Wong said Australia maintains diplomatic relations with Beijing and economic engagement with Taiwan.

Alongside security concerns, climate change remains a major priority at the three-day summit. Pacific Island nations are particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels and the impacts of a changing climate.

Australia’s Climate Change and Energy Minister Chris Bowen said improving access to climate finance for small island developing states and increasing attention on the role of oceans will be key priorities ahead of COP31 in Türkiye later this year.

Environmental groups have urged leaders to ensure geopolitical tensions do not overshadow critical climate discussions, warning that Pacific communities cannot afford to lose valuable time addressing the climate crisis.